According to the report, modern industrially produced carpets are highly complex engineered technical textiles and remain among the most difficult textile products to recycle.

This difficulty is attributed to multiple factors, including composite constructions in carpets. Face fibres, primary backings, secondary backings, and adhesive systems are typically permanently bonded. In addition, latex and thermoset layers restrict economical separation, while tile constructions made from multiple material types further complicate sorting.

As a result, carpet recycling continues to be a niche activity. Where it is carried out, it often results in downcycling into lower-value applications rather than fibre-to-fibre circularity. Existing textile recycling systems also lack the economic incentives and structural coherence required for full circular recovery.

However, the report highlights a structural shift in the design of floor covering products, where recyclability is increasingly being integrated as a design parameter rather than an optional sustainability feature, particularly in Europe. This shift is linked to regulatory pressures arising from mandatory textile collection schemes, extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes, and forthcoming ecodesign rules.

At the same time, developments in polymer chemistry and product architecture are enabling improved material recovery while maintaining performance requirements. The report notes an expansion in chemical recycling technologies for polyamide and polyester, alongside the emergence of monomaterial constructions designed to support fibre recovery.

Five companies—Aquafil, Interface, Mohawk Industries, Shaw Industries, and Tarkett—are identified as active in advancing recycling efforts. These companies are investing in recycling infrastructure, redesigning product architectures, and implementing large-scale recovery programmes.

The report concludes that these combined developments indicate a potential shift toward a circular system in which carpets are cycled through controlled material loops rather than being directed to landfill.

While technical and logistical challenges remain, particularly in the fragmented residential floor coverings market, the report states that the overall direction of the industry is increasingly defined.